The production of cement is responsible for 8% of the world's roughly one billion metric tons of Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHG).

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There is a 1:1 ratio of cement production and carbon dioxide emissions; 1-ton cement = 1-ton CO2.

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The US produced and consumed 102 million metric tons of cement in 2019.

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Defending against rising seas could cost US communities >$400 billion in the next 20 years.

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Coal Ash impoundments are largely viewed as corporate and environmental liabilities, eyesores, and social burdens.  

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There are regional Coal Ash shortages in global cement markets.